INTRODUCTION
Development and competitive conditions the business world has become increasingly faster, more complex, more competitive and to predict the future direction becomes increasingly difficult. Diverse business challenges make the company the leader's ability to make the right decisions and fast response to capture the business opportunities to be important. Customers and other stakeholders have a key role to keep the world of business can survive or else we will going out of business.In general, changes in the business environment can bring up a variety of opportunities and threats for businesses. External conditions such as political developments in the country, regional economic development, development and cultural change, international economic conditions need to be considered because it will affect the business running.
At the present time, many political elites come from the entrepreneur or businessperson. This is understandable given the order to win votes in elections, to form a successful team and political campaigns require significant costs. To obtain the cost of success in the campaign and win votes a political party must require employers in financial affairs.
Examples of political regulations that affect the business world is an import and export regulations on taxation issues. As in the case of East car in the Suharto era. Privilege rules used for relatives led to the business world competition becomes unhealthy. This will be costly for shareholders opponent Tommy Suharto business, namely PT Astra with falling stock prices make the shareholders of PT Astra lost its wealth Rp500 billion more in 1995, when the regulation of the national car rolled. From the example above case can be understood how regulations created by political leaders greatly influence the business world.
DISCUSSION
Picture of Indonesian Political Reform and Now
Indonesia is a country with a constitution as the basis of its constitution in 1945. By the 1945's the power of the executive and legislative and judicial separation occurs. Changes in political strukutural occurred after the fall of President Suharto, Indonesia's second president after leading the Indonesian State for 32 years, ie in 1998, and under the leadership be short of his successor President Habibi in the interval 1998 and 1999.
The administration of President Habibi political reforms by applying the new rules on elections, which will be the people's representatives in Parliament and the Assembly. Party politics and practices without changing the 1945 Constitution. After this reform the leadership of the president is limited to two times. During each five-year leadership. President and vice president elected by direct vote, it was first performed in 2004 in the month of September. During the previous Assembly who elect the president by majority vote.
In 1999 the Assembly chose Abdurrahman Wahid as Indonesia's fourth president. Assembly in July 2001 and immediately lowered Gusdur replace with Vice President Megawati Sukarno Putri. Megawati bring the politics of climate in Indonesia in a stable condition. But in the era of Megawati has not happened a concentrated effort to fight corruption and promote national economic growth.
In 2004, Yudhoyono was elected Megawati replacement. Since 2006, the Indonesian economy experienced steady growth with the number range of 5 to 6 percent. Below is a table of Nominal GDP Growth Indonesia (image taken from lectures Economic Development). From the table it can be seen that since the government of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, the 2004 GDP growth up to now always above 5% per year. It is getting better in the last year or inflation when monetary stability can be maintained by Indonesian television at around 4.5%. SBY's political commitment to improve the economy is important. Mas organized on SBY also MP3EI Indonesia is the direction of development in all areas of the West to East Indonesia.
Tourism Business Conditions
In accordance with the data obtained from the WTCC, in 2011 the contribution of tourism and hospitality businesses in the World GDP reached 2 trillion dollars (or 2.8% of total world GDP). When compared with some of the largest manufacturing industry, then this two times bigger than the GDP of the auto industry and 1.3 times greater than the chemical industry.
The major players have turned the hotel business growth not only in Europe and the United States, but the State penetrated Developing Asia (Wu, Costa, Teare (1998) in Ayoun 2006). The hotel now see that the market now is the world, not narrow goegrafis each particular region. The development of transportation has allowed this. Hotel accommodation as the proposition is derived from the travel and tourism activities.
In the focus of this paper will discuss the political relationship and the tourism and hospitality industry. There are several tourist behavior to be observed in the business. The first is that they want to enjoy nature, beauty, panoramic beaches, mountains, and lakes. The second addition to this they will also use the time to enjoy the creations of culture (culture) and historical heritage in a particular region and a particular country.
Tourist behavior should be a concern for tourism development strategy stems from it. With the implementation of Law No. 22 Year 1999 on Regional Government, the authority to develop to be located in the tourist area and not concentrated in Jakarta alone. There autonomy to develop tourism in their respective areas. Regions can promote their own territory to become a tourist destination in accordance with their respective areas of excellence. Circumstances will affect the hospitality business tourism in Indonesia.
Political conditions are calm and stable is a prerequisite of business and business development. Under conditions that are not safe and convenient for investors investment certainly will not come. This is in line with the conditions of international tourists. Security of a region or state funds will support the political instability and the presence of tourist arrivals.Here is a comparison of the data for several tourists visit since the New Order government to reform the order.
Development and competitive conditions the business world has become increasingly faster, more complex, more competitive and to predict the future direction becomes increasingly difficult. Diverse business challenges make the company the leader's ability to make the right decisions and fast response to capture the business opportunities to be important. Customers and other stakeholders have a key role to keep the world of business can survive or else we will going out of business.In general, changes in the business environment can bring up a variety of opportunities and threats for businesses. External conditions such as political developments in the country, regional economic development, development and cultural change, international economic conditions need to be considered because it will affect the business running.
At the present time, many political elites come from the entrepreneur or businessperson. This is understandable given the order to win votes in elections, to form a successful team and political campaigns require significant costs. To obtain the cost of success in the campaign and win votes a political party must require employers in financial affairs.
Examples of political regulations that affect the business world is an import and export regulations on taxation issues. As in the case of East car in the Suharto era. Privilege rules used for relatives led to the business world competition becomes unhealthy. This will be costly for shareholders opponent Tommy Suharto business, namely PT Astra with falling stock prices make the shareholders of PT Astra lost its wealth Rp500 billion more in 1995, when the regulation of the national car rolled. From the example above case can be understood how regulations created by political leaders greatly influence the business world.
DISCUSSION
Picture of Indonesian Political Reform and Now
Indonesia is a country with a constitution as the basis of its constitution in 1945. By the 1945's the power of the executive and legislative and judicial separation occurs. Changes in political strukutural occurred after the fall of President Suharto, Indonesia's second president after leading the Indonesian State for 32 years, ie in 1998, and under the leadership be short of his successor President Habibi in the interval 1998 and 1999.
The administration of President Habibi political reforms by applying the new rules on elections, which will be the people's representatives in Parliament and the Assembly. Party politics and practices without changing the 1945 Constitution. After this reform the leadership of the president is limited to two times. During each five-year leadership. President and vice president elected by direct vote, it was first performed in 2004 in the month of September. During the previous Assembly who elect the president by majority vote.
In 1999 the Assembly chose Abdurrahman Wahid as Indonesia's fourth president. Assembly in July 2001 and immediately lowered Gusdur replace with Vice President Megawati Sukarno Putri. Megawati bring the politics of climate in Indonesia in a stable condition. But in the era of Megawati has not happened a concentrated effort to fight corruption and promote national economic growth.
In 2004, Yudhoyono was elected Megawati replacement. Since 2006, the Indonesian economy experienced steady growth with the number range of 5 to 6 percent. Below is a table of Nominal GDP Growth Indonesia (image taken from lectures Economic Development). From the table it can be seen that since the government of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, the 2004 GDP growth up to now always above 5% per year. It is getting better in the last year or inflation when monetary stability can be maintained by Indonesian television at around 4.5%. SBY's political commitment to improve the economy is important. Mas organized on SBY also MP3EI Indonesia is the direction of development in all areas of the West to East Indonesia.
Tourism Business Conditions
In accordance with the data obtained from the WTCC, in 2011 the contribution of tourism and hospitality businesses in the World GDP reached 2 trillion dollars (or 2.8% of total world GDP). When compared with some of the largest manufacturing industry, then this two times bigger than the GDP of the auto industry and 1.3 times greater than the chemical industry.
The major players have turned the hotel business growth not only in Europe and the United States, but the State penetrated Developing Asia (Wu, Costa, Teare (1998) in Ayoun 2006). The hotel now see that the market now is the world, not narrow goegrafis each particular region. The development of transportation has allowed this. Hotel accommodation as the proposition is derived from the travel and tourism activities.
In the focus of this paper will discuss the political relationship and the tourism and hospitality industry. There are several tourist behavior to be observed in the business. The first is that they want to enjoy nature, beauty, panoramic beaches, mountains, and lakes. The second addition to this they will also use the time to enjoy the creations of culture (culture) and historical heritage in a particular region and a particular country.
Tourist behavior should be a concern for tourism development strategy stems from it. With the implementation of Law No. 22 Year 1999 on Regional Government, the authority to develop to be located in the tourist area and not concentrated in Jakarta alone. There autonomy to develop tourism in their respective areas. Regions can promote their own territory to become a tourist destination in accordance with their respective areas of excellence. Circumstances will affect the hospitality business tourism in Indonesia.
Political conditions are calm and stable is a prerequisite of business and business development. Under conditions that are not safe and convenient for investors investment certainly will not come. This is in line with the conditions of international tourists. Security of a region or state funds will support the political instability and the presence of tourist arrivals.Here is a comparison of the data for several tourists visit since the New Order government to reform the order.
Table 1. Foreign Tourist Arrivals from 1990 till 1999 (the New Order)Information
obtained from table 1, that when the new order of leadership with the
political situation is relatively stable until 1998, then the number of
tourist arrivals are also stable with no decrease. But
when the political conditions that chaos during the 1998 riots, many
tourists canceled his visit to Indonesia, so a decline in the number of
foreign tourists visiting Indonesia, causing contraction of the growing
number of tourists coming to Indonesia.
Table 2. Foreign Tourist Arrivals from 2002 till 2010
Of Table 2 for comparison after the new order with multiple shocks terrorism Imam Samudra and his friends happened during Megawati government, it can be concluded security conditions greatly affect the number of tourist arrivals, which in 2002 and 2004 Bali bombings that back cause a decrease in the number of foreign tourists in the years after the occurrence of such events.
CONCLUSION
Based on the description in the discussion can be summed up how the political situation in the country coupled with a good level of adequate security will affect the development of business tourism and derivatives businesses such as hotels, restaurants and transportation services.
Of Table 2 for comparison after the new order with multiple shocks terrorism Imam Samudra and his friends happened during Megawati government, it can be concluded security conditions greatly affect the number of tourist arrivals, which in 2002 and 2004 Bali bombings that back cause a decrease in the number of foreign tourists in the years after the occurrence of such events.
CONCLUSION
Based on the description in the discussion can be summed up how the political situation in the country coupled with a good level of adequate security will affect the development of business tourism and derivatives businesses such as hotels, restaurants and transportation services.
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