A. BACKGROUND
The improvement in the level of living standards in different parts of the world have implications for attitudes toward work and leisure. The increase in income tends to be accompanied by a shift in value to gain more leisure because people now have the ability to pay for the things they want. This trend is seen in Europe, where there has been a decline in hours worked since 1970 as well as in Latin America and the Caribbean. It even began to appear in the United States and East Asia have traditionally worked much longer hours than Europe and many developing countries (World Tourism Organization, 2010).
The improvement in the level of living standards in different parts of the world have implications for attitudes toward work and leisure. The increase in income tends to be accompanied by a shift in value to gain more leisure because people now have the ability to pay for the things they want. This trend is seen in Europe, where there has been a decline in hours worked since 1970 as well as in Latin America and the Caribbean. It even began to appear in the United States and East Asia have traditionally worked much longer hours than Europe and many developing countries (World Tourism Organization, 2010).
Welfare effects in theory of course can not be explained as simple as that. At a certain level of prosperity utility can be stopped. The people in the West who has evolved his style, especially in the United States where incomes stagnated, at least for the time being, while the cost of living has increased resulting in a decrease in real terms in the standard of living. Economic crisis 2008/2009 to be the cause of this plight. Limits the ability of the economic impact on holiday choice for many years to come (World Tourism Organization, 2010).
In 2011, world output - and per capita income - continues to recover from the 2008-2009 recession. Gross World Product (GWP) grew 3.7%, compared to 2010. While the travel and tourism business accounts for a considerable number in the world GDP of 6 trillion U.S. dollars. This means that 9% GDP world is located in the travel and tourism sector. The impact of the magnitude of this business is 260 million people working in the tourism sector involved either directly or indirectly, and 100 million of them are directly involved. Similarly, data from the World Tourism Council.
More of that is the demand for travel and tourism impact on investment. Construction of hotel, air transportation and renewal business major tourist boats. In 2011, data from the World Tourism and Travel Council says that 4.5% of the investment world that is equal to 650 billion U.S. dollars are in this sector.
Accordingly, Bali as a world tourism destination, would not only rely on tourist arrivals in the country. This is demonstrated by the many hotels in the surrounding area of South Bali is the sight of foreign tourists. The high cost of hotel rates per night may indicate that the market segmentation is to be obtained overseas travelers with deep pockets and want the satisfaction level of hotel service with high standards.
B. DISCUSSION
According to the World Tourism Organisation (2010) demographic is one of the external factors that shape demand for tourism and development. Changing the structure of society, and for public and private agencies working in the tourism sector is relevant to study the changes in order to anticipate and react to changes and devise ways and the most competitive strategy.
Demographic changes have an impact on the traveling demand patterns, including frequency, length of stay, product, and consequently on the communication strategies tourism businesses. In the recent period mentioned by the WTO that the population in some developed countries is aging. While the population of developing countries more young people.
Demographic factors that influence the business world tourism.
a. An aging world population
The population of old age is increasing, especially in countries advanced in Europe and Japan. While many countries in the so-called "emerging" have a productive age population with more. Relationships with tourism is the age of the older population will choose a more soothing tourist destinations such as tourist beauty of nature, religion, and facilities services demand high standards of hospitality accommodations. Because the travelers in this age have a greater saving. This implies that the travelers from emerging countries such as China and India will be young and old travelers from developed countries will average old age.
b. Rising life expectancy
In almost all countries, life expectancy has increased on average. Levels of health and health care in different countries has also increased. Relationship with the tourism business is going to be a lot in the next few years, the age-old travelers. They will look more fit and healthy in age.
c. Household Composition, Family Structure
There is a decrease in the level of fertility in developed countries. Changing family structure, the structure of the original meaning horozontal spreads widened, or a family with many children into a family with a long vertical susuna. It is a signal that the tourism and travel services that will be required should conform to provide a more varied offer. The group now consists of travelers grandparents and grandchildren on vacation, or the consequences for the whole family with activities offered, type of accommodation required will vary more. Single travelers in developed countries will grow. This reflects a growing trend in the wider community for young people to spend a period of time living alone or with friends before getting married and starting a family.
d. Location populations
Many populations of all countries of the growing urban partially. In addition to these factors, the role of developing countries will have a major impact on tourism in the next two decades. Residents tend to have a cosmopolitan outlook, as a result of living in a more culturally diverse environment. This brings them to travel abroad and this will help push up tourism. Compared with developed countries, a decline in the relative importance of the role of the West. European proportion of the global population will decline to 9% is roughly equal to that of the Caribbean and the Americas. While the United States and Canada accounted for approximately 6% of the world population, although only 1% of this is in Canada and the rest is the United States. By 2030 Asia will account for 60% of the world population, with India and China each contribute less than 20%. The last factor that affects the distribution of the population is migratory. Migration can affect tourism in two ways, can attract tourism arrivals to other parts of the world where there is a need for workers. And migration to attract tourists to visit the places of their birth, or relatives working abroad.
Statistical facts tourism business in Bali
Here is a statistical data related to the business activities of tourism in Bali. The first is the number of foreign tourist arrivals to Indonesia by the entrance.
Table 1. Number of Foreign Tourist Arrivals According EntranceS.d 1997 2008
Sources: BPS
From Table 1 it can be obtained that since 1998 Ngurah Rai Airport in Bali, became the main entrance of foreign tourists, who previously was Soekarno Hatta Airport. Fluctuations in foreign guests to visit our country, because of the influence of the security conditions in the country such as the Bali bombings of 2002 and 2004 and the Jakarta bombings, so some countries issue travel warning to visit Indonesia, the financial crisis and terrorist attacks in other countries that have implications for global conditions tourism decline.
The second is the number of visits of foreign guests at the hotel based on the island. This data is processed first so as to facilitate the presentation and representation of information as well as a division of a large tourist area of Sumatra, Java, Bali, Nusa Tenggara, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Maluku and Papua.
Table 2. Number of Foreign Guests On Star Island Region 2003-2010 based
Source: BPS, processed
Based on Table 2 can be obtained that Bali became a major tourist destination in Indonesia, with the number of foreign guests who visited in 2003 to 2010 and ask for the service star hotel accommodation. Other areas have not been able to outperform the acquisition to bring tourists in Bali.
The fact that all three of the Bali statistic is the number of foreign tourists by country of origin.
Table 3. The number of Direct Foreign Tourists who come to Bali by nationality Year 2007 - 2011
Sources: BPS Bali Province, processed
Based on Table 3, it can be obtained that Asian consumers of tourism in Bali at the first position. In line with the theory that the demographics of the Asian population reaches 60.3% of the current world population (data source Wikipedia, 2012). The second is the next consumer of mainland Europe. Preferences of each customer will be different and the form of accommodation that will be required. But taking into account current developments that Japan's population is mostly on old age and the population of China in productive condition it needs to be studied more deeply will the demographic structure and characteristics of the tourism consumers.
C. CONCLUSION
Business tourism is also influenced by demographic world. Bali tourism market are foreign tourists from different parts of the world, and Bali, the biggest in the number of visits and the number of foreign guests who stayed at five-star hotels in Indonesia. Economic conditions, demographics, country of origin for foreign tourists, determining tourism demand in the form of accommodation services, in this case the hotel.
REFERENCES
Central Bureau of Statistics (2011), Statistics Indonesia. Jakarta, Indonesia.
Bali Provincial Statistics Office (2011), Bali Provincial Statistics. Denpasar, Indonesia
World Tourism and Travel Council (2011). Travel and Tourism 2011.pp.1-42.
United Nations World Tourism Organization (2012), UNWTO Tourism Highlights 2012 Edition.,pp.1-16Wikipedia (2012),
Demographics of The World. Accessed on October 18, 2012. http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_the_worldWithout Name (2012).
World Tourism. Facts and Figures. Accessed on October 18, 2012. http://www.travel-exhibitons.com/news/WorldTravel.FactsandFigures.htm
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